Emmi-pet has a piezo chip in the brush head which creates 96 million air oscillations per minute. You gently place the toothbrush on to the tooth where the ultrasound waves are mixed with water and the special toothpaste create millions of nano bubbles. These nano bubbles begin to explode on to each other to create a suction effect which removes impurities, plaque, tartar, kills germs and bacteria.